1. Use math, science concepts, and geotechnologies to interpret, formulate, and solve geologic problems.
2. Make sound observations and form a testable hypothesis.
3. Interpret and communicate scientific information via written, spoken, and/or visual representations.
4. Describe, identify, and interpret Earth materials (rocks and minerals).
5. Explain fundamental Earth processes, both external (surficial) and internal.
6. Summarize basic and major events in Earth history in the context of plate tectonics.